lntroduction to Cyberspace and National Security (E-Kitap)

Table of contents

lntroduction . 1

Pare 1: Theoretical and conceptual F ramework of na ti o nal Security and cyberspace . 5

Chapter 1: An lntroduction to National Security . 5

Topic 1: The concept of national Security 5

I- Signs of the emergence of the concept of national Security 5

II- Defınition of national security . 7

Ill- The connection between national security and national interest: . 8

IV- National security characteristics: . 9

V- National security determinants: 10

1. Set of internal environment parameters: . 10

2. A group of external environment determinants: 11

VI- Levels and dimensions of na ti o nal security 11

1- National security levels . 11

2- Dimensions of national security . 13

Topic 2:The most important trendsin security snıdies: 15

1- The traditional direction of national security: 15

11-Contemporary trend of national security: . 16

Topic 3: threats to national security 17

1- The concept of security threats 17

1) Defınition of security threats 17

2) Security threats and similar concepts: . 18

3) The security phenomenon that transcends the borders of the

nation-state: . 19

4) The emergence ofa new type of security threats that were not known

before: 19

il- Classifıcations of security threats: . 20

1- ln terms of fıeld, . 20

2- According to the degree of risk . 21

3- According to the degree of symmetry . 21

Chapter 2:Cyberspace and the transformation in the concepts of power and conflict. . 22

T opic l: c-yberspace and power shifts 23

1-The concept of cyberspace: 23

11-Power shifts and the emergence of cyber power. . 23

Ill- actors in the fıeld of cyber power. . 25

1\1-cyber conflict 25

Topic 2: The concept of cybersecurity and cyber threats . 27

I-the concept of cybersecurity and its dimensions 27

1- Definition of cybersecurity . 27

2- Dimensions of cybersecurity . 27

II- patterns of cyber threats . 30

Part 2: National security and mechanisms for confronting c-yber threats . 33

Chapter 1: the relationship of cybersecurity to na ti o nal security . 33

Topic 1: Cybersecurity is a new tributary to national security . 33

T opic2: the new security doctrine . 3 5

Chapter 2: Cyber risks to society and national sovereignty 36

Topic 1: cybercrime . 36

I- The concept of c-ybercrime: . 36

il- Characteristics of cybercrime: . 37

lll- Cybercriminals: 37

IV- The most inıportant cybercrimes: . 38

T opic 2: cyber terrorism . 38

1- Defini tion of cyber terrorism . 38

11-The means of cyber terrorism . 38

TV

III- Terrorist groups' use of cyberspace 39

lV- Manifestations of the threat of cyber terrorism to the security of countries 39

T opic 3: c-yber wars . 41

1-The concept of cyber warfare: 41

11-Characteristics of cyber wars . 42

III- The repercussions of cyber wars on national security . 42

T opic 4: electronic risks to society and sovereignty . 43

1-The impact of social networking sites on societal security: . 43

1- Defınition of social networking sites: 43

2- The emergence of social networking sites: 44

3- Characteristics of social networking sites: . 45

4- Examples of social networking sites: . 45

A- Facebook 45

B- T witter: 46

C- lnstagram: 46

D- YouTube: 46

E- Linkedln website 47

11-The impact of social networking sites on societal security . 47

Chapter 3: countries' efforts to confront c-yber threats 48

T opic 1: na ti o nal efforts to secure cyberspace 48

1-Building cyber armies: . 48

II- Forming national cybersecurity bodies: 48

III- National cybersecurity legislation 56

Topic 2: lnternational efforts for a peaceful cyberspace - . 56

I- Limiting the c-yber arms race 56

II-Tallinn Law . 57

III- Regional and international agreements on cybersecurity . 58

V

Topic 3: The confrontational policies and cyber strategy of ehe United States of

America as a model. 59

I- The imporcance of cybersecurity in ehe US national security strategy 59

il- the cyber strategy of the United States of America 61

1. ln the fıeld of economics: promoting inrernational standards, innovation

and free markers . 61

2. In the field of protecting networks and enhancing security, reliability and

flexibility 61

3 ln the fıeld of law enforcemenr: expanding international cooperation and

the rule of la w . 62

4. In the military fıeld: preparing for the security challenges of the 21st

century . 62

5 ln the field of lnternet governance: Promoting effective and comprehensive

structures 62

6. In the fıeld of international development: capacity building and achieving

security and prosperity 62

7. ln the fıeld of lnternet freedom: supporting basic freedoms and privacy . 63

lll- The United States confronts cyber threats . 63

1- Governmental bodies for cybersecurity . 63

2- American capabilities in cyber def ense and attack. 64

Condusion . 67

List of sources and references 75