Investigating The Relationship Between Health Product Consumption And Health Literacy İn The Pandemic Period

İÇİNDEKİLER

INTRODUCTION . 1

PART ONE

HEALTH AND HEALTH PRODUCTS

1.1.The Concept of Health 5

1.2. Evaluation of Health Services in Turkey 6

1.2.1.Primary Health Care Providers 7

1.2.2. Secondary Health Service Providers 8

1.2.3.Tertiary Health Service Providers . 9

1.3.Health Expenditures in Turkey 9

1.3.1. Public and Private Health Expenditures . 10

1.3.2. Individual Health Expenditures 18

1.4. Factors Affecting Individual Health Expenditures . 22

1.5. Classification of Health Products . 26

1.5.1. Products Subject to Prescription . 26

1.5.2. Non-Prescription Drugs 26

1.5.2.1. Food Supplements . 27

1.5.2.2 Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products 27

1.5.2.3. Medical Devices and Medical Consumables 28

1.5.2.4. Biocidal Products 28

1.5.2.5. Cosmetic and Dermocosmetic Products . 29

1.6. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines 29

1.7. Self Medication 30

PART TWO

HEALTH LITERACY

2.1. The Concept of Health Literacy . 33

2.2.Overview of Health Literacy . 35

2.2.1. Health Literacy in the World 35

2.2.2. Health Literacy in Turkey . 36

2.3. Importance of Health Literacy 38

2.4. Measuring Health Literacy . 41

PART THREE

COVID-19 AND CONSUMPTION

3.1. Epidemics from History to the Present . 43

3.2. COVID-19 Pandemic . 45

3.2. Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic 46

3.3. COVID-19 Pandemic and Consumption Behavior 48

3.4. COVID-19 Fear and Measurement 50

SECTION FOUR

PERCEIVED VALUE, CONSUMER SATISFACTION, PERCEIVED RISK, PURCHASE INTENTION

4.1. Perceived Value Concept . 51

4.1.1.Measurement of Perceived Value 52

4.2. Customer Satisfaction Concept 53

4.2.1. Measurement of Customer Satisfaction 55

4.3. Perceived Risk Concept 56

4.3.1. Measurement of Perceived Risk . 58

4.4. Purchase Intention Concept 60

4.4.1.Measurement of Purchase Intention 60

SECTION FIVE

THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUALS' HEALTH LITERACY LEVEL ON THE CONSUMPTION OF HEALTH PRODUCTS IN THE COVID-19 PROCESS

5.1. Methodology of the Study 63

5.1.1.Purpose and Importance of the Research . 63

5.1.2. Data Collection . 65

5.1.3. Population and Sample Size of the Study . 65

5.1.4.Measurement of Variables and Preparation of Questionnaire Form 67

5.1.5. Inclusion Criteria 70

5.2. Analysis and Findings 70

5.2.1. Structural Equation Model 70

5.2.2.Demographic Data . 72

5.2.3. Frequency Table for Scale Statements . 77

5.2.4. Confirmatory Factor Analysis 89

5.2.4.1. Perceived Value Confirmatory Factor Analysis . 90

5.2.4.2. Perceived Risk Confirmatory Factor Analysis . 91

5.2.4.3. COVID-19 Fear Scale Confirmatory Factor Analysis 92

5.2.4.4. Health Literacy Scale Confirmatory Factor Analysis . 94

5.2.4.5. Customer Satisfaction Scale Confirmatory Factor Analysis . 96

5.2.4.6. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Purchase Intention Scale . 97

5.2.5. Reliability and Validity Analysis 98

5.2.5.1. Perceived Value 98

5.2.5.2. Perceived Risk 99

5.2.5.3. Health Literacy 99

5.2.5.4. COVID-19 Fear 100

5.2.5.5. Customer Satisfaction . 101

5.3. Testing the Model with Structural Equation Modeling 103

5.4. Summary Results of Hypotheses 107

DISCUSSION . 111

CONCLUSION . 117

REFERENCES 123

APPENDICES . 135